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Does Smart Contracts Work for India Inc.?

The concept of ‘smart contract’ was introduced by Nick Szabo, an American cryptographer and computer scientist in 1994. But, only after blockchain became widespread in 2008, people understood practical applications of smart contracts. 

A smart contract is a computer protocol (set of rules) that digitally facilitates, verifies, and enforces the negotiations between two parties. It uses a distributed ledger system (blockchain) to store data on public databases and perform transactions without involving third parties. 

In this article, we’ll discuss the legal aspects of smart contracts in India. Before we do, here is a brief insight into how smart contracts work.

How Are Smart Contracts Executed?

The smart contract is a blockchain-based computer code. The contract terms are written in the code itself. Smart contracts interpret and verify every transaction against the terms and automatically executes them.

The key features of smart contracts are-

  1. Once the smart contract is released, no one including the creator (owner) can modify its terms.
  2. Physical documents are not required to initiate and complete the transaction.
  3. Although users can remain anonymous, the smart contract records the transaction details.
  4. Moderators can track market activity, but cannot regulate the transactions.
  5. Smart contract transactions are irreversible.

Smart Contract Real Estate Use Case: Propy

For instance, Propy is a smart contract-based cross-continental marketplace for buying and selling properties. It allows owners and brokers to list their properties and allows sellers to search and negotiate irrespective of location. The deal is closed through online transactions and each deed is recorded in the blockchain.

  

Viability of Smart Contracts in India?

Indian jurisdiction does not allow its financial institution to undertake bitcoin transactions. Since bitcoins demonstrate peer-to-peer transactional network, the fact that it is forbidden questions the viability of “Smart Contract” in India.

However, section 10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 states – “All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void.” 

Therefore, legally, two parties can sign a contract with or without third party involvement. By definition, the Indian Contract Act 1872 allows Smart Contracts.

Also, sections 5 and 10 of the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000 legally recognize digital signatures and considers a contract formed through electronic means as valid and enforceable. 

Despite Indian law allowing for digital contracts, Ponzi schemes facilitated by blockchain questions the viability of technology to safeguard people’s interests. Amit Bhardwaj’s $300 Mn cryptocurrency fraud calls for a strict ordinance for peer-to-peer contracts.

Since Smart Contracts do not involve a regulatory third party, fraud-control is a real concern. But, according to section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 digitally signed contracts are admissible in a court of law. Therefore, the government can intervene to resolve the disputes between participants. Also, sections 17, 18, and 19 of the Indian IT Act, 2000 allows supervision from national and foreign governing authorities.

Drop us a ‘hi’ at hello@mantralabsglobal.com to learn more about building industry-specific smart contracts and products.

Smart Contracts Insurance Use Case: Fizzy

AXA’s Fizzy is a smart contract-based travel insurance scheme for flight delays and cancellations. It ensures transparency as the claims displayed on the website are stored in a blockchain and no one can change the terms after purchase. 

User can buy the insurance online. When the flight is delayed or canceled, the public databases of plane status information automatically triggers the insurance holder’s compensation. The event confirmation executes and closes the claim process instantly.

Are There Business Benefits From Smart Contracts?

Almost all businesses (viz. Insurance, automobile, healthcare, supply chain, real estate, education, etc.) can benefit from smart contract development.

Transparency and data immutability are the competitive advantages that Smart Contracts bring to users on a global scale. With accurate record-keeping, companies can overcome fraud and business inconsistencies. Especially pay-per-use and micro-transactions can save paperwork and costs associated. For instance, insurers can manage micro insurances better through smart contracts than traditional models.

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The Future-Ready Factory: The Power of Predictive Analytics in Manufacturing

In 1989, a missing $0.50 bolt led to the mid-air explosion of United Airlines Flight 232. The smallest oversight in manufacturing can set off a chain reaction of failures. Now, imagine a factory floor where thousands of components must function flawlessly—what happens if one critical part is about to fail but goes unnoticed? Predictive analytics in manufacturing ensures these unseen risks don’t turn into catastrophic failures by providing foresight into potential breakdowns, supply chain risk analytics, and demand fluctuations—allowing manufacturers to act before issues escalate into costly problems.

Industrial predictive analytics involves using data analysis and machine learning in manufacturing to identify patterns and predict future events related to production processes. By combining historical data, machine learning, and statistical models, manufacturers can derive valuable insights that help them take proactive measures before problems arise.

Beyond just improving efficiency, predictive maintenance in manufacturing is the foundation of proactive risk management, helping manufacturers prevent costly downtime, safety hazards, and supply chain disruptions. By leveraging vast amounts of data, predictive analytics enables manufacturers to anticipate machine failures, optimize production schedules, and enhance overall operational resilience.

But here’s the catch, models that predict failures today might not be necessarily effective tomorrow. And that’s where the real challenge begins.

Why Predictive Analytics Models Need Retraining?

Predictive analytics in manufacturing relies on historical data and machine learning to foresee potential failures. However, manufacturing environments are dynamic, machines degrade, processes evolve, supply chains shift, and external forces such as weather and geopolitics play a bigger role than ever before.

Without continuous model retraining, predictive models lose their accuracy. A recent study found that 91% of data-driven manufacturing models degrade over time due to data drift, requiring periodic updates to remain effective. Manufacturers relying on outdated models risk making decisions based on obsolete insights, potentially leading to catastrophic failures.

The key is in retraining models with the right data, data that reflects not just what has happened but what could happen next. This is where integrating external data sources becomes crucial.

Is Integrating External Data Sources Crucial?

Traditional smart manufacturing solutions primarily analyze in-house data: machine performance metrics, maintenance logs, and operational statistics. While valuable, this approach is limited. The real breakthroughs happen when manufacturers incorporate external data sources into their predictive models:

  • Weather Patterns: Extreme weather conditions have caused billions in manufacturing risk management losses. For example, the 2021 Texas power crisis disrupted semiconductor production globally. By integrating weather data, manufacturers can anticipate environmental impacts and adjust operations accordingly.
  • Market Trends: Consumer demand fluctuations impact inventory and supply chains. By leveraging market data, manufacturers can avoid overproduction or stock shortages, optimizing costs and efficiency.
  • Geopolitical Insights: Trade wars, regulatory shifts, and regional conflicts directly impact supply chains. Supply chain risk analytics combined with geopolitical intelligence helps manufacturers foresee disruptions and diversify sourcing strategies proactively.

One such instance is how Mantra Labs helped a telecom company optimize its network by integrating both external and internal data sources. By leveraging external data such as radio site conditions and traffic patterns along with internal performance reports, the company was able to predict future traffic growth and ensure seamless network performance.

The Role of Edge Computing and Real-Time AI

Having the right data is one thing; acting on it in real-time is another. Edge computing in manufacturing processes, data at the source, within the factory floor, eliminating delays and enabling instant decision-making. This is particularly critical for:

  • Hazardous Material Monitoring: Factories dealing with volatile chemicals can detect leaks instantly, preventing disasters.
  • Supply Chain Optimization: Real-time AI can reroute shipments based on live geopolitical updates, avoiding costly delays.
  • Energy Efficiency: Smart grids can dynamically adjust power consumption based on market demand, reducing waste.

Conclusion:

As crucial as predictive analytics is in manufacturing, its true power lies in continuous evolution. A model that predicts failures today might be outdated tomorrow. To stay ahead, manufacturers must adopt a dynamic approach—refining predictive models, integrating external intelligence, and leveraging real-time AI to anticipate and prevent risks before they escalate.

The future of smart manufacturing solutions isn’t just about using predictive analytics—it’s about continuously evolving it. The real question isn’t whether predictive models can help, but whether manufacturers are adapting fast enough to outpace risks in an unpredictable world.

At Mantra Labs, we specialize in building intelligent predictive models that help businesses optimize operations and mitigate risks effectively. From enhancing efficiency to driving innovation, our solutions empower manufacturers to stay ahead of uncertainties. Ready to future-proof your factory? Let’s talk.

In the manufacturing industry, predictive analytics plays an important role, providing predictions on what will happen and how to do things. But then the question is, are these predictions accurate? And if they are, how accurate are these predictions? Does it consider all the factors, or is it obsolete?

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